The history began with the
Phoenicians
establishing a small trading post in the suburb of
Anfa
during the 6th century BC. During the 7th century AD,
Anfa, under the
Barghawata, who were a confederation of
Berber tribes, became a regional capital. In 1188,
The Almohads
destroyed Anfa, and then 70 years later, the
Merenids
became the rulers of this area.
During the early part of the 15th century, the port became a safe haven for racketeers and pirates. The pirates of Anfa,
became such a threat during the latter part of the century that the Portuguese
sent over 50 ships and 10,000 men to destroy them, which left Anfa in a state of ruin.
Despite this, the local tribes
continued to terrorise the trade routes, which then provoked a second attack by the Portuguese in 1515. Finally, sixty years later, the Portuguese arrived and stayed , building fortifications
and renaming the port Casa Branca (White House).
In 1755, The Portuguese abandoned the colony after an earthquake severely damaged
the fortification walls of Casa Branca. The Sultan, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdullah, resettled and fortified Casa Blanca, but it never was to regain its former role of importance. By 1830, there were only 600 inhabitants.
During the mid-1800s, with Europe booming, interest increased in Morocco
for supplies of wool and grain. The fertile countryside around Casablanca
soon supplied all the European markets, and traders
arrived back to the city. The merchants of Spain, renamed the city Casablanca, and during the beginning of the 20th century, the French built an artificial harbour.
The increased trade brought prosperity to Casablanca,
but the influence of the Europeans also gave way to resentment. In 1907, violence erupted when Europeans desecrated a Muslim cemetery. The French jumped at this chance and sent troops to quell the dispute. Also, a French warship
soon arrived and bombarded the town. By 1912, it was part of the new French protectorate.