Rabat is the capital of Morocco and is situated on the Atlantic Ocean by the entrance of the river Bou Regreg. The city became the administrative capital of Morocco after the French invaded and occupied Morocco during 1912. Rabat is also one of the four imperial cities of Morocco, along with Fes, Marrakesh, and Meknes and with a population of two million people, it is the Morocco's second largest city.
The history goes back to the Phoenician period, around 3,000 years ago. In the 10th century, Rabat was built by the ruin of an ancient Roman settlement near Salé. In the mid-eleventh century, an sultan of Almohad established a citadel, for his army.
During the 12th century, Sultan Yakub el-Mansur moved the capital of the Almohad Empire to Rabat, and made it the military base for his invasion of Spain and North Africa. This Moorish history is still visible in the architecture, especially in the Moorish districts. During the 17th century, Rabat and Salé were united to become the Republic of Bou Regreg, which, for nearly two centuries, was run by Barbary pirates. The Spanish Muslims, expelled from Spain also migrated to the city.
During the 20th century, the French invaded Rabat, who also established a protectorate there and opened it to extensive development to the south and west. Post 1912, the city’s population grew as did its prestige as the new administrative, educational, and cultural centre of Morocco.
Much of the economy is based on a traditional manufacturing model that included sectors of leather handcrafts, pottery, and jewellery; other industrial activities include garments, fish processing, and carpet-making. Rabati women made significant contributions to the economy as well as they created a carpet and embroidery that was named Rabati.