The history of Lisbon dates back 3000 years when the Phoenicians settled here, calling the city Alis Ubbo (Delightful Shore). Others soon saw its qualities, and the Greeks, the Carthaginians and then, in 205 BC, the Romans, settled here. In 714 the Moors took over the city after some tribal chaos. The Moors fortified the city and called it Lissabona and defended it against the Christians for over 400 years.
In 1147, Christian fighters (mainly British crusaders) captured the city.
In the 15th and 16th centuries Lisbon prospered as the main centre of a large empire after Vasco da Gama discovered a sea route to India. This continued right into the 1800s, once gold was discovered in Brazil. Merchants flocked from everywhere to the city, trading in gold, spices, silks and jewels.
The Great Lisbon Earthquake
On All Saints’ Day, 1 November 1755, Lisbon was forever changed. Three major earthquakes hit the city and in what is considered to be one of the most powerful earthquakes in human history. It is estimated that as many as 100,000 of Lisbon’s 270,000 inhabitants died. Most of the city was destroyed, never Lisbon never regained its former status.
Modern Times
In 1908, during social and economic downturn, the Portuguese monarchy came to a violent end. The King Dom Carlos I, with his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were assassinated in Lisbon. Two coups followed: the first being in 1926 and put an end to the Portuguese First Republic. The second in 1974 ended Europe's longest dictatorship. In 1974 and 1975, massive influx of refugees from Portugal's former African colonies, changed the city's cultural richness.
When Portugal joined the European Community (EC) in 1986, massive funding fuelled redevelopment and Lisbon began to prosper again. Lisbon is now enjoying its most shining moment, thanks to an increase in tourism, which created a multimillion-euro cruise-ship terminal and 100 of new restaurants, bars, museums and plus cultural attractions.